Cefpar SB Special Precautions

General: As with other antibiotics, vitamin K deficiency has occurred in a few patients treated with cefoperazone. The mechanism is most probably related to the suppression of gut flora which normally synthesize this vitamin. Those at risk include patients with poor diet, malabsorption states (eg, cystic fibrosis) and patients on prolonged IV alimentation regimens. Prothrombin time should be monitored in these patients receiving anticoagulant therapy and exogenous vitamin K administered as indicated.
As with other antibiotics, overgrowth of nonsusceptible organisms may occur during prolonged use of sulbactam/cefoperazone. Patients should be observed carefully during treatment. As with any potent systemic agent, it is advisable to check periodically for organ system dysfunction during extended therapy; this includes renal, hepatic and hematopoietic systems. This is particularly important in neonates, especially when premature and other infants.
Serious and occasionally fatal hypersensitivity (anaphylactic) reactions have been reported in patients receiving β-lactam or cephalosporin therapy. These reactions are more apt to occur in individuals with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to multiple allergens. If an allergic reaction occurs, the drug should be discontinued and the appropriate therapy instituted.
Serious anaphylactic reactions require immediate emergency treatment with epinephrine. Oxygen, IV steroids and airway management, including intubation, should be administered as indicated.
Hepatic Dysfunction: Cefoperazone is extensively excreted in bile. The serum half-life of cefoperazone is usually prolonged and urinary excretion of the drug increased in patients with hepatic diseases and/or biliary obstruction. Even with severe hepatic dysfunction, therapeutic concentrations of cefoperazone are obtained in bile and only a 2- to 4-fold increase in half-life is seen.
Dose modification may be necessary in case of severe biliary obstruction, severe hepatic disease or in cases of renal dysfunction coexistent with either of those conditions.
In patients with hepatic dysfunction and concomitant renal impairment, cefoperazone serum concentrations should be monitored and dosage adjusted as necessary. In these cases, dosage should not exceed 2 g/day of cefoperazone without close monitoring of serum concentrations.
Cefoperazone does not displace bilirubin from plasma protein-binding sites.
Effects on the Ability to Drive or Operate Machinery: Clinical experience with sulbactam/cefoperazone indicates that it is unlikely to impair a patient's ability to drive or use machinery.
Use in Infancy: Cefoperazone/Sulbactam has been effectively used in infancy. It has not been extensively studied in premature infants or neonates. Therefore, in treating premature infants and neonates potential benefits and possible risks involved should be considered before instituting therapy.